The BMW Corporate Culture Essay - 783 Words

When asked to describe the culture at BMW, to do that one must first give a few definitions of the word culture that would give the most accurate description. First would be â€Å"The sum of attitudes, customs, and beliefs that distinguishes one group of people from another. Culture is transmitted, through language, material objects, rituals institutions which can be connected to motivation, and art, from one generation to the next.† Motivated employees that show commitment to their tasks has proven to be a crucial factors that help to motivate employees to work in line with the goals and aspirations of the company. Secondly we would use â€Å"Intellectual and artistic activity and the works produced by it.† Thirdly one would use â€Å"The†¦show more content†¦It is BMW belief that staying independent would be to their advantage because they believe that it is essential to who they are in the automobile industry with their unique design in vehicles. The BMW culture and belief is that is an independent company you have the freedom in the right to protect their inventive thinking which remarkable things can and will happen. The public opinion of BMW is the their cars are expensive and only the rich and snobs are the ones who drive those types of cars. This perception is one that the Gothenburg Company of BMW works very hard to dispel and to bring the awareness of what the brand significance and real objective is. In discussing how the culture and work environment impact the performance results of BMW could be simply said by their motto that they had in the 1990s which was â€Å"We at BMW†. What that meant was that there were four core focus of BMW is to create a culture of trust, second provide orientation to whom they were and what their job entails and thirdly, encourage cooperation among all the employees and fourth is to take responsibility in everything that they do and whatever job to with other people. The BMW philosophy is about customers, adaptability, effectiveness, respect, trust, and fairness are the things that stick the most which allows them the be at the front of the race in their field in technology and performance in such a competitive market. When it comes to work people are generally motivated by their jobsShow MoreRelatedBmw Culture1069 Words   |  5 PagesBMW’S Dream Factory Culture Kevin D. Lowther Dr. Derek Povah BUS 520: Leadership and Organizational Behavior April 27, 2010 1. Describe the culture of BMW. Organizational culture is an idea in the field of Organizational studies. 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I Had Pity For Both Morgan And Kiki During This Period

My Commentary: I had pity for both Morgan and Kiki during this period. Morgan was making strides, and the chain of events that led to him losing Kiki and his life wouldn t have happened if it weren t for Ava stealing his meds. It was heartbreaking to hear how confused and disenchanted he was in his recovery journals (11/4), trying to do everything by the book and still failing. I had my first real occurrences of compassion for Kiki, who expressed to both Franco (10/3) and Dillon (10/7) that she was losing sight of herself by constantly being on emotional eggshells with Morgan, tending to his needs while ignoring her own. I was impressed that the writers gave her enough self-awareness to acknowledge her revolving door dating patterns,†¦show more content†¦Nonetheless, excellent performances ensued, naturally (shout-out to Dominic Zamprogna, A.K.A. Dante). My personal favorites were from West and Wright. Ava s tortured breakdown on 10/11 after hearing Morgan died was the stu ff of soap dreams and West s innate passion was the perfect ingredient for it. Mascara covered tears fell down her face, as guilt-ridden flashes of her removing the pills seesawed with memories of their tawdry love affair, causing her to obliviously drop her martini glass. She sobs while picking up the shards, realizing she s involved in killing the only man she s loved since being in PC. Overtaken, she flings the pieces and screams, What have I done?!! She bumps into Bobbie the next day, who asks if she ever truly loved Morgan. Ava replies Yeah, I loved him...very much. There was a time when he was the only one who saw good in me at all. Now I suppose anyone who ever did (veiled reference to Nikolas?) is gone, and dashes off to crumble on the elevator. Carly s bouts of rage were everything (I can t come up with a suitable adjective, so we ll go with everything). On 10/12, Sonny got it about Julian s hit. Before smashing a childhood photo of Morgan, she fumed, ...A bomb blew him up. You couldn t help yourself could you? You had to be the one to finish Julian. And now...our beautiful little boy is dead, and you killed him!! An Emmy reel

Governance and Leadership Management

Question: Discuss about theGovernance and Leadership Management. Answer: Description and Evaluation of Project Governance Structure of Telstra Telstra has been a leader in technology for the better part of the decade. Its pioneer work in the field of communication has been revolutionizing. It has made its mark by making many breakthroughs in technology (Telstra.com 2016). Contribution of Telstra to the Australian cloud services and telecommunications has been the result of sound project governance structure of the company. Detailed description of the structure of governance of Telstra is discussed below: Board of Directors Telstra has selected its Board members very sensibly over the years that has made this company grow better and at a faster rate than its competitors in Australia. As of now Telstra has 12 core Board members out which 11 are core members and one director who contribute in the decision making of the company in every aspect of business. Telstra has hired its CEO who has an experience of more than 25 years. The CEO has expertise in finance, strategy development and business of telecommunication products with a worldwide view.Telstra has also incorporated Business Improvement and Support unit for constant innovation in the business ideas. BIS was created by the company some time ago when there was a shakeup in the structure of Telstra and the company was suffering from some inter-company issues around the globe (Telstra.com 2016). But due to establishment of this unit Telstra gained in its productivity and has acquired tools and other programs that assists in simplification of the busines s procedure. The company has also changed its international business composition to harvest the benefits of evolving business needs in the overseas market. The Board has recognized the expertise and experience of members and has designated the suitable portfolio to the concerned members. Telstra has been working on the three pillars of business strategy that is building growth, derive value from the central part of the team and advance customer support (Van den Berghe 2012). Constant review is done by the boards to keep track of the developments and to focus on business ideas. Telstra has a dynamic way of mixing its membership with diversified field of execution for appropriate balance in the management. The Board consists of three standing committees that are Nominating Committee, Remunerating Committee and Risk Audit Committee (Chhaochharia, Kumar and Niessen-Ruenzi 2012). The Board is responsible and is gender neutral as it has included 40% representatives of female gender among its non-executive members. Project and Portfolio Management Telstra is very keen in deployment of Project Engagement structure that ranges to the complete life-cycle of the project. This framework spans from scope of the project, definition of the project to its delivery. To monitor this cycle of project Telstra has employed Project Managers who are competent in managing complex and diverse projects for the implementation of transformation and transition of assignments. Project Office of Management sees to the fact that projects are completed and delivered on time and with utmost precision (Belloc 2012). Project Managers are well versed to follow the guidelines of project execution such as PRINCE2,PMBoK and PMI. They also provide the risk management techniques to ensure the integration of network solutions. Experienced, skilled and expert project managers steer the project through business modules. They are experts in end-to-end delivery of projects with additional stress given to the development of requirements, management of design, quoting and management of implementation (Karolyi 2012). Project and portfolio management is done following certain steps by the managers of Telstra which are as follows: Governance: This phase defines the project structure, does identification of specific resources and their responsibilities and roles. Change in management of organization: Stakeholders are notified about the alteration made in the project. Management of stakeholders: Notification of changes in roles and timeframes in the implementation of the project to the concerned shareholders. Management if risks and issues:This phase comprises of identification, monitoring, mitigation and quantification of risks involved in the project. Management of quality: Definition and compliance with the expectations of the customers. Reporting of status: Consistent updating the status of project including risks involved, budget and attaining milestones. Some other methods and characteristics of Project and Portfolio Management includes the following aspects: Planning Execution and control Deployment and Integration Testing and certification Knowledge management Change Management Release and deployment management Service operation Event Management Security Management Service reporting and improvement Linking of Corporate Strategies and Projects Telstra has grown with rapid pace in Australia and globally. It has laid much emphasis in expansion and linking corporate strategies in execution of its projects. In pursuance of innovation and new ideas to cater to the needs of the customer to thrive in the changing technological world (Michelon, G. and Parbonetti 2012). There are three strategies which are mainly followed by Telstra to link its projects with main business ideas. There strategies are discussed below: Improvement of Customer Support:The policy of customer support is very necessary for Telstra as it is a market driven company, responses and feedback of the customers become the backbone of companys growth. More the customers will be satisfied with the services of Telstra more they will recommend it to others. In this strategy, key areas where customers find problems is targeted by proper planning for the ease of access to the customers. Employees pay great emphasis in notifying the customers about new technologies that are innovated (Armstrong, Balakrishnan and Cohen 2012). Telstra is known for providing customized merchandise as per the requirements of the customers. These include digital options, enhancement in stores and mobile. Derivation of values from the center: Customers of Telstra have much reliance on the services and products of Telstra. Seeing the popularity and sales of its products Telstra has decided to expand its networks by investing in it to provide its customers the best experience available.Core network of Telstra also supports the communication of other government organizations of Australia. Superiority of network has provided a large number of users of mobile network (Brammer, Jackson and Matten 2012). New data plans and other high value services has generated a substantial revenue for Telstra. Network Services and Applications:Portfolio of NAS provides, enterprises and business connections with government organizations in Australia and software contracts with security services and service solutions. With expansion of services, Telstra has started working in collaboration with global companies such as IBM, Cisco, Amazon Web Services and VMware (Agrawal 2012). Governance of Individual Projects Telstra Company has given more emphasis on the development of software technologies by taking one project as an individual entity. This method of project governance has proved very beneficial to the company. It provides liberty to the employees to focus completely on one problem at a time. Moreover, it enhances the efficiency of the workers as all the details of the project are segregated and a proper time window is available to complete the project. The employees find the proper framework to complete the project with all its entities and features integrated (Cuat, Gine and Guadalupe 2012). Requirement analysis is done in the beginning, after that stakeholders inputs are taken for the project to construct a proper framework, then implementation strategy is made, a time limitation is set to complete the project, cost analysis is done and risk analysis is also done and other methods are also applied during the development of the project. Telstra has governed some projects in the recent past which are: Telstra Ventures:It is a corporate venture capital group founded by Telstra. This venture has invested in new and innovative technologies that have emerged recently and are going to be in market in the near future. Telstra has invested in high growth opportunities that will yield high returns to the company. Additionally, Telstra has its rich assets that allows the company to leverage these kind of investment ventures (Hochberg 2012). Globecast Australia: Telstra has taken over thiscompany recently to construct a deeper base in the media and communication services for broadcasting in foreign countries as well. Knowing well about the Globecast Australia that it has its reach in delivering particular media services and has roots in local as well as international media business Telstra made this move to acquire the company (Morellec, Nikolov and Schrhoff 2012). This has provided Telstra an edge over its competitors in the media business making it the telecommunication giant of Australia. Leadership With the history of over 14 years, Telstra has experienced the work of six CEOs who have greatly contributed in the development of the company in every aspect. All the CEOs were very optimistic, active and had positive frame of mind with a vision to achieve high goals for the company. As media and telecommunication industry has underwent drastic changes in recent years and to cope up with the change and grow at the same time was not an easy task. But management of Telstra was always in good hands through the journey of the company (Hazarika, Karpoff and Nahata, 2012). A top management official who can be the CEO or any other member of the board has to balance the stakes between the investment made for technological advancement of the company and the interest of the stakeholders and shareholders who are concerned with the profits and dividends that the company will make. A leader should also be aware of the opportunities and possibilities to maximize the benefits of the efforts made b y the management and its employees. As in the case of Telstra, the innovative technology of networking like fiber technology and high quality routers has been used in such a way that the consumers are more than happy by the services (Walls, Berrone and Phan 2012). So the foresight is a very important trait of character a leader should possess and Telstra has been lucky in that context. Moreover, having technical skills, professional skills, integrity and personal values are some of the innate qualities that have been demonstrated by the leaders of Telstra in the past. Relationship with Stakeholders In the governance structure of Telstra, the communication and interaction with stakeholders is a vital point that needs consideration. For growth and development and supporting the framework of business, relationship with stakeholders and shareholders is a key point in delivering services as per the strategy.Telstra follows a two-way mode of conveying information to its investors and stakeholders about the strategies of the company. In this mode of information exchange, the management not only conveys important information such as legal obligations and market disclosures but also listens to, understands and give priority to the stakeholders perspectives and opinions. Stakeholders feedback is taken into consideration and execution of ideas is done as quickly as possible (Chen, Lu and Sougiannis 2012). There are various initiatives to involve shareholders in active decision making and convening business ideas so that they feel as a participant in companys ventures. Some of these initia tives are discussed as follows: Briefing of Retail Shareholders information: In Annual General Meetings these briefings are done in the presence of CFOs and CEOs. This is done to increase the transparency among retail shareholders and to give them insight of the upcoming plans of the company. Encourage interrogation in advance of the AGM: Telstra requests the shareholders to prepare a list of queries and the topic of discussions that needs to be dealt with in the AGM meeting. This gives the management an idea and the head start about the rising concerns that are inquisitive among its shareholders. Briefing of investors:Telstra provides its investors with the briefs of the ongoing and upcoming projects that are to be developed by the company. This is important for the investors as they should know that their money is being invested in a proper way and is worth the effort. They also get the idea of the market trends so that they can invest more in the projects that are yet to start (Hermalin and Weisbach 2012). Electronic Communication: In the developing technological age, the stakeholders are provided with official email ids and other user authentication objects so that they can easily log in the companys portal and see by themselves what the company is intending to do. Online notifications of each and every details of the company gives an assurance to the stakeholders about the whereabouts of the companys plans (Jo and Harjoto 2012). Webcasting Telstras events: to discuss the AGM, financial reports and other such activities of the company, webcasting is done. This provides a larger platform for discussion and is a strong step towards stakeholders relationship with the company. Suggestions in Governance of Telstra As it can be established from the above discussion, Telstra has quite concrete Project and Portfolio Management system which has benefited the company in many ways. Its development in the recent past is the proof of its efficient structure of governance. But still, there is a room of improvement in the framework of Telstras governance. It can be observed that the company lacks proper advertisement mechanism to reach maximum number of customers through media. Being a popular company, it ignores the fact that it needs to advertise its products and services in a more dynamic and exhaustive way so that the customers can feel inquisitive to experience the services. Telstra can also improve and diversify their business base by increasing the number of Board members. This will enhance the area of expertise at the top level of management. This will incorporate personnel of diverse viewpoints who understand business in different ways. Their input will give a deep insight to expand the domain of the company exponentially. Since Telstra is a media and telecommunication based company, it should also lay emphasis on the data security of the customers on the network and also during data transmission. With advancement of technology, data security and risks involved with it is of prior importance. References: Aebi, V., Sabato, G. and Schmid, M., 2012. Risk management, corporate governance, and bank performance in the financial crisis.Journal of Banking Finance,36(12), pp.3213-3226. Agrawal, A.K., 2012. Corporate governance objectives of labor union shareholders: Evidence from proxy voting.Review of Financial Studies,25(1), pp.187-226. Armstrong, C.S., Balakrishnan, K. and Cohen, D., 2012. Corporate governance and the information environment: Evidence from state antitakeover laws.Journal of Accounting and Economics,53(1), pp.185-204. Belloc, F., 2012. Corporate governance and innovation: A survey.Journal of Economic Surveys,26(5), pp.835-864. Brammer, S., Jackson, G. and Matten, D., 2012. Corporate social responsibility and institutional theory: New perspectives on private governance.Socio-Economic Review,10(1), pp.3-28. Chen, C.X., Lu, H. and Sougiannis, T., 2012. The agency problem, corporate governance, and the asymmetrical behavior of selling, general, and administrative costs.Contemporary Accounting Research,29(1), pp.252-282. Chhaochharia, V., Kumar, A. and Niessen-Ruenzi, A., 2012. Local investors and corporate governance.Journal of Accounting and Economics,54(1), pp.42-67. Cuat, V., Gine, M. and Guadalupe, M., 2012. The vote is cast: The effect of corporate governance on shareholder value.The Journal of Finance,67(5), pp.1943-1977. Hazarika, S., Karpoff, J.M. and Nahata, R., 2012. Internal corporate governance, CEO turnover, and earnings management.Journal of Financial Economics,104(1), pp.44-69. Hermalin, B.E. and Weisbach, M.S., 2012. Information disclosure and corporate governance.The Journal of Finance,67(1), pp.195-233. Hochberg, Y.V., 2012. Venture capital and corporate governance in the newly public firm.Review of Finance,16(2), pp.429-480. Jo, H. and Harjoto, M.A., 2012. The causal effect of corporate governance on corporate social responsibility.Journal of business ethics,106(1), pp.53-72. Karolyi, G.A., 2012. Corporate governance, agency problems and international cross-listings: A defense of the bonding hypothesis.Emerging Markets Review,13(4), pp.516-547. Michelon, G. and Parbonetti, A., 2012. The effect of corporate governance on sustainability disclosure.Journal of Management Governance,16(3), pp.477-509. Morellec, E., Nikolov, B. and Schrhoff, N., 2012. Corporate governance and capital structure dynamics.The Journal of Finance,67(3), pp.803-848. Nini, G., Smith, D.C. and Sufi, A., 2012. Creditor control rights, corporate governance, and firm value.Review of Financial Studies,25(6), pp.1713-1761. Telstra.com, 2016.www.telstra.com.au. [online] www.telstra.com.au. Available at: https://www.telstra.com.au [Accessed 29 Sep. 2016]. Van den Berghe, L., 2012.International standardisation of good corporate governance: best practices for the board of directors. Springer Science Business Media. Walls, J.L., Berrone, P. and Phan, P.H., 2012. Corporate governance and environmental performance: is there really a link?.Strategic Management Journal,33(8), pp.885-913. Wintoki, M.B., Linck, J.S. and Netter, J.M., 2012. Endogeneity and the dynamics of internal corporate governance.Journal of Financial Economics,105(3), pp.581-606.

Technology A Boon or a Curse Essay Example

Technology: A Boon or a Curse Essay We are armed with the greatest gift in the world and that is imagination. Through this imagination we have given birth to technology which converts imagination into reality. The pace with which technology has boomed is mind boggling. It has become an indispensible part of our daily modern life and we thrive on it. It has made our life easier as we don’t require doing monotonous and repetitive tasks manually. Tiresome tasks have been automated and so efficiency and accuracy have increased dramatically. Technology has given us a paradigm shift in our personal, social and professional lifestyles. Last decade was the decade of IT and millions of job opportunities were created through it. Everything is now available to us on World Wide Web at the click of button. Economies have flourished but if we look closely, only people who are Tech savvy have benefited in real terms. Even then, they have inadvertently become slaves of it. Technology has severely impacted our habits. We are expecting everything just by a touch on screen, and so we also treat humans in the same way; we expect things to be done instantly. Is this not impacting our approach to life? Young children are inquisitive by nature. Technology in their arms deprives them of childhood. When they should be playing for hours and flying aero planes, running after butterflies and making sand castles, they sit glued to a laptop or ipad. They play games and put on weight. We are bringing up a generation of kids in front of computer screens, whose brains are going to be peculiarly different. Early exposure to, for instance mobile applications, is detrimental to their social and mental progress. We will write a custom essay sample on Technology: A Boon or a Curse specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Technology: A Boon or a Curse specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Technology: A Boon or a Curse specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer People like us are on the benefiting end as it has increased human potential and subsequently reduced human limits. We are hopelessly dependant on technology as we have developed a habit of it and the force of it is great. Unfortunately we have laid an extensive burden on irreplaceable reso

History Tax and Excise Taxes Alcoholic Essay Sample free essay sample

Tax in the Philippines is controlled by the Bureau of Internal Revenue ( Philippines ) . Taxes in the Philippines scope from 5 % to 35 % [ 1 ] Exceptions 25. 000 Pesos for persons [ 1 ]30. 000 Pesos for married twosomes [ 1 ]Exceptions for Small and Medium Enterprises with income of less than 100. 000 Pesos Cedula Cedula is a community revenue enhancement that is paid yearly at the Barangay Hall. It is frequently rated at 5 % of income. Value Added Taxes ( VAT ) In the Philippines. the rate of VAT is at 12 % . With some extra Value-added tax: [ 1 ] Cockpits and Cabarets: 18 %Jai-Jalai and racecourses: 30 % And with some exclusions: [ 1 ] Small Businesss: 10 %Not VAT-registered concerns: 3-5 % Excise revenue enhancements Alcoholic drinks. baccy merchandises. jewellery. crude oil merchandises. excavation and crude oil revenue enhancements. abode revenue enhancements. a head revenue enhancement on immigrants above a certain age and remaining beyond a certain period. papers cast revenue enhancements. giver ( gift ) revenue enhancements. estate revenue enhancements. and capital additions revenue enhancements. A papers cast revenue enhancement is charged on stock certifications. We will write a custom essay sample on History: Tax and Excise Taxes Alcoholic Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page cogent evidence of liability. cogent evidence of ownership. etc. and usually amount to. 75 % to 1 % of the par or face value of the certification are imposed with excise revenue enhancements. [ 1 ] Mentions ^ a B degree Celsius vitamin D vitamin E f Encyclopedia of Nations â€Å"Philippines – Taxation† History of revenue enhancement in the Philippiness Irrespective of what the Anything from the term or what the economic anything you affix your signature to and don’t and goofproof manner history of revenue enhancement in the Philippiness fees fixed and variable is making good is your bankruptcy! In some of how much dividend income does it pay fancy the first clip every twelvemonth. 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Declaration of Policy – It is the policy of the State: ( 1 ) To set up owner-cultivatorship and the economic family-size farm as the footing of Philippine agribusiness and. as a effect. divert landlord capital in agribusiness to industrial development ; ( 2 ) To accomplish a dignified being for the little husbandmans free from baneful institutional restraints and patterns ; ( 3 ) To make a genuinely feasible societal and economic construction in agribusiness conducive to greater productiveness and higher farm incomes ; ( 4 ) To use all labour Torahs every bit and without favoritism to both industrial and agricultural pay earners ; ( 5 ) To supply a more vigorous and systematic land relocation plan and public land distribution ; and ( 6 ) To do the little husbandmans more independent. autonomous and responsible citizens. and a beginning of echt strength in our democratic society.

As far as comfort and design the center I attended has many positive findings to report

As far as comfort and design the center I attended has many positive findings to report. The entire center all was on one floor with appropriate temperatures through out the building. In the rooms there was child size tables, chairs, and play equipment. The children were always encouraged to clean up after play so that they could avoid tripping and other injuries in the room. I also noticed that children had their own cubby labeled with their name. The majority of the things I saw in the center revealed it was a safe and secure place for the children to learn. All cleaners, medicine, and the teachers belongings were located in a cabinet away from the childrens playing areas. In the play area all of the toys were checked before children began playing and were appropriate to their age group. In the room I observed in the teacher had prepared themes that worked in all of the centers. The day I visited they were focusing on pets so centers were set up so that it appealed to all of the multiple intelligences. I did not get a chance to witness a fire or storm drill but the teacher informed me that they did take place through out the year. Electrical cords were always tucked around and under the carpet so that they were not in childrens site. The ceilings, floors, and walls all looked safe. In the art area all the materials that were used were non-toxic and appropriate for their age group. Most of the containers were plastic with lids for toy and supply storage. Something that I was concerned about was the lack of coverings on the door hinges and joints. There was a reading area with flame resistant materials, such as big pillows, blankets, etc. There were no toy guns or balloons allowed in the room. At center I visited there were no stairs. There is a glass office by the entrance so that all visitors can be seen upon entrance.

Entitlement Progrms nd the hndicps tht go long with hving them Essay

Entitlement Progrms nd the hndicps tht go long with hving them - Essay Example Under wÐ °ivers to federÐ °l progrÐ °m rules, stÐ °tes begÐ °n imposing new requirements on recipients of sociÐ °l help. In 1996, Congress Ð °nd President Clinton scrÐ °pped the old federÐ °l entitlement progrÐ °m Ð °nd replÐ °ced it with the TÐ NF block grÐ °nt. With this lÐ °ndmÐ °rk end to entitlement cÐ °me Ð ° lifetime limit on the receipt of welfÐ °re benefits. Further, recipients fÐ °ce increÐ °singly strict requirements, such Ð °s mÐ °ndÐ °ted pÐ °rticipÐ °tion in work Ð °ctivities, Ð °s Ð ° condition of receiving Ð °id. NoncompliÐ °nce with these requirements cÐ °n leÐ °d to severe finÐ °nciÐ °l penÐ °lties, including terminÐ °tion of Ð °ssistÐ °nce. Ð ll these chÐ °nges mÐ °de welfÐ °re less Ð °ttrÐ °ctive to would-be recipients. Other policy chÐ °nges increÐ °sed the relÐ °tive Ð °ttrÐ °ctiveness of work compÐ °red to welfÐ °re. MÐ °ny stÐ °tes Ð °llowed fÐ °milies with jobs to keep more of their eÐ °rnings, mÐ °k ing it eÐ °sier to combine work Ð °nd welfÐ °re. Ð dditionÐ °l funds were mÐ °de Ð °vÐ °ilÐ °ble to reduce the cost of child cÐ °re. Ð nd the EITC progrÐ °m expÐ °nded considerÐ °bly, creÐ °ting Ð ° credit of up to $4,140 for Ð ° fÐ °mily with two children in 2002.